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Insight of chemical environmental risk and its management from the vinyl chloride accident

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1652-x

摘要： The combustion of vinyl chloride (VC) after the train derailment accident in Ohio, USA in February, 2023 has caused widespread concern around the world. This paper tried to analyze several issues concerning the accident, including the appropriateness of the VC combustion in the emergency response in this accident, the meanings of so-called “controlled combustion”, the potential environmental risks caused by VC and combustion by-products, and follow-up work. In our view, this accident had surely caused environmental and health risks to some extent. Hence, a comprehensive environmental risk assessment is necessary, and then the site with risk should be comprehensively remediated, hazardous waste should be harmlessly treated as soon as possible. Finally, this accident suggests that further efforts should be taken to bridge the gap between chemical safety management and their environmental risk management.

关键词： Vinyl chloride Combustion Chemical safety management Environmental risk Emerging contaminants

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风险矩阵方法与应用述评

朱启超,匡兴华,沈永平

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第1期页码 89-94

摘要：

技术项目的风险管理一直深受美国国防部的重视。介绍了在美国国防采办风险管理中广泛应用的风险矩阵方法，并对其优缺点和适用性进行分析，结合我国国防预研技术项目管理的特点，提出我国开展技术性项目风险管理的思路。

关键词：风险矩阵风险管理项目管理

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Ecological Risk Management of Drinking Water Project: The Case Study of Kunming City

Ji-liang Zheng,Jun Hu,Xuan Zhou,Ching Yuen Luk

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第3期页码 311-319 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015045

摘要： Following rapid infrastructure development and industrialization, the problems of water pollution and water shortage have become more severe. Whether there is safe drinking water in cities has attracted wide attention. The ecological risk management of drinking water project is an important means of ensuring the safety of a drinking water source. Based on ecological risk assessment and management theories, this paper establishes an ecological risk management model and assessment system with the aim of providing theoretical guidance and scientific basis for formulating a policy on the safety and protection of drinking water sources in a city. Kunming is one of the cities plagued by severe water shortage in China. Its ecological risk management of drinking water has attracted the attention of both the local government and the public. Using Kunming as the case study, this paper conducts a comparative analysis and assessment on three major reservoirs that face ecological risks. It highlights the existing problems and gives helpful suggestions.

关键词： drinking water project ecological risk ecological risk assessment risk management

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国产首架大型客机研制项目的风险管理研究

邱菀华

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第10期页码 31-38

摘要：

解决国产首架大型客机研制工程项目风险管理诸多国际性难题，提出三维风险管理、熵风险评价原理和方法，攻克大型客机研制项目组织、进度五个领域全寿命期风险管理的系列关键问题，创建了与全球配置接轨的、大型工程跨国研制的风险管理模式，以及群集成管理全量表操作实施体系（英APM-BOKV4.0），建立一体化信息风险管理平台以实现全寿命期风险管理协同效应优化，确保低风险、优质高效地实现建设目标。

关键词：大型工程项目管理风险管理熵-优化项目群管理

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基于风险管理的跨海悬索桥养护管理

郭健,张强,马敬海

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第7期页码 64-67

摘要：

基于结构危险性分析方法论和管理科学的量化管理，将悬索桥风险管理细化为单元层次上的标准化巡检养护管理子过程，通过定义该单元巡检养护的全部内容以及特殊事件和特殊维修的管理策略，实现了基于风险管理的跨海悬索桥养护管理，同时还介绍了基于风险管理的养护管理系统的组成。

关键词：悬索桥巡检养护桥梁管理系统风险管理

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基于本质安全的工业事故风险管理方法研究

吴宗之

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第5期页码 46-49

摘要：

从风险管理角度对生产过程中的安全防护方法进行了分类和论述，提出了基于本质安全思想的工业事故综合风险管理方法与程序，其核心内容是在常规的危险辨识和风险评价基础上，优先应用本质安全原理来减少、消除危险，综合采用无源安全措施、有源安全措施或多层安全防护措施与功能安全标准，将风险降低至可接受水平；提出了本质安全应与清洁生产、绿色化学、循环经济同等纳入优先发展的技术和政策等建议。

关键词：本质安全风险管理事故预防安全设计

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宜万铁路岩溶隧道风险管理

朱鹏飞

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第12期页码 20-25

摘要：

宜万铁路地形、地质条件之复杂，集西南山区铁路之大成。建设条件之艰、难、险居我国铁路历史之最。为减少岩溶突水突石的灾害发生，首次引入了风险管理的理论并应用到实践之中，第一次提出了高风险的概念，建立了系统全面的应对高风险管理措施，其中地质勘察监理、超前地质预报、安全分级管理、水文监测、防灾报警系统等应对措施是第一次在铁路工程中进行了研究和应用。为其他岩溶隧道的风险管理提供了思路和方法。

关键词：岩溶隧道风险管理风险应对措施

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中国铁路“走出去”风险管控研究

陈春阳,宇德明

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第5期页码 62-67 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.05.011

摘要：

以中国铁路“走出去”面临的风险为研究对象，采用文献研究、调查研究和案例研究相结合的方法，建立了中国铁路“走出去”风险分解结构。以境外建设－经营－转让项目前期工作阶段为例，识别中国铁路“走出去”面临的具体风险，确定关键风险，分析其防控对策，并对中国铁路“走出去”风险管控的其他共性对策进行分析，以期为中国铁路“走出去”风险管控提供借鉴。

关键词：中国铁路“走出去”风险风险分解结构境外BOT 项目前期工作阶段风险管控

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Simulation analysis of environmental risk accident and management of high-sulfur gas field development

WANG Xiao, HAO Fanghua, ZHANG Xuan, SUN Wen, CHENG Hongguang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第3期页码 318-325 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0033-9

摘要： Environmental risk of high sulfur gas field exploitation has become one of the hot spots of environmental management studies. Severe gas HS blowout accidents in recent years have shown that poor understanding and estimates of the poisonous gas movement could lead to dangerous evacuation delays. It is important to evaluate the real concentration of HS, especially in complex terrain. Traditional experiential models are not valid in the case of rough terrain, especially in low-lying areas where the gas accumulates. This study, using high sulfur content gas field of Sichuan “Pu Guang gas field” as study object and adopting objective diagnosis of wind field of land following coordinate three dimensions, applied Lagrangian Puff Model and breaking up technique of puffs to simulate the HS diffusion condition of blowout accidents produced in the high sulfur content gas field of complex terrain area. The results showed that the HS distribution did not occur mainly in low wind direction, and due to the obstruction of the mountain’s body, it accumulated in front of mountain on produced turn over, flowed around submitted jumping type distribution. The mountain waist near the hilltop and low hollow river valley site rapture points simulating contrast showed that the higher the rapture point, the better the diffusing condition of pollutant, the distribution of risk sensitive point decided piping rupture environmental risk size combining the HS diffusion result and residential area dispersing in the study area, synthetic judge located in the high rapture point environmental risk was smaller than the low hollow point, thus it was suggested to carryout laying of lining build of equal high line of higher terrain. According to simulation results, the environmental risk management measures aimed at putting down adverse effects were worked out.

关键词： mountain ’ rapture Lagrangian hollow produced

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The influencing factors of the WTP for the risk reduction of chemical industry accidents in China

Lei HUANG, Zhijuan SHAO, Weiliang BAO, Bailing DUAN, Jun BI, Zengwei YUAN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第6期页码 860-868 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0467-y

摘要： To explore the factors that influence respondents’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the risk reduction of chemical industry accidents, a questionnaire survey combined with contingent valuation and psychometric paradigm methods were conducted in the city of Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China. Both traditional socioeconomic variables and perceived characteristics of the hazards were considered in this study, and a Tobit model was used to find the factors influencing WTP under three risk reduction scenarios. The results showed that three demographic characteristics, , , and , significantly affected the WTP for chemical risk reduction. In addition, three extracted public risk perception factors, , , and , also strongly affected the WTP. The mean WTP value increased as the magnitude of the risk reduction increased. The number of factors influencing the WTP decreased as the reduction level improved, and only the factor had a significant influence on the WTP for a higher level (80%) of risk reduction. The cost for chemical safety management of Yancheng was calculated, and the optimized risk reduction level was determined. These findings can assist governments and policy makers to formulate suitable strategies for risk control, to reach target groups of people to develop effective communication, and to provide specific references for the best investment for the security of local residents.

关键词： risk perception willingness to pay contingent valuation method risk management school of the environment

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Process safety management considerations for biofuel production

Hao WU, Igor PEÑARRUBIA, Lin CUI, Jinsong ZHAO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第3期页码 357-367 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017025

摘要： The global production of bio-based chemical products, particularly biofuel products, has tremendously increased over the last decade. Driven largely by a new legislation, this increase has generated the commercialization of new products and processes. Unfortunately, alongside these developments were a significant number of accidents and explosions at biofuel facilities, entailing property damage, injury, and even deaths. The aim of this current study is to draw attention to incidents that occurred in biofuel facilities and clarify the misconceptions that cause people to ignore safety in bio-refineries. A process hazard analysis (PHA) method, namely the hazard and operability study (HAZOP), is first used in biofuel production. This method is an ethanol distillation and dehydration process. Through the HAZOP analysis, 36 recommended action items are proposed, and all recommendations are accepted. The case study reveals that potential high-level risks exist in the current biofuel process design and operating procedures, and these risks can be better controlled if they can be previously identified.

关键词： biofuel HAZOP PHA risk management

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Application of

Weifang SHI, Weihua ZENG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 117-127 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0581-5

摘要： The homogeneous risk characteristics within a sub-area and the heterogeneous from one sub-area to another are unclear using existing environmental risk zoning methods. This study presents a new zoning method by determining and categorizing the risk characteristics using the -means clustering data mining technology. The study constructs indices and develops index quantification models for environmental risk zoning by analyzing the mechanism of environmental risk occurrence. We calculate the source risk index, air risk field index, water risk field index, and target vulnerability of the study area with Nanjing Chemical Industrial Park using a 100 m × 100 m mesh grid as the basic zoning unit, and then use -means clustering to analyze the environmental risk in the area. We obtain the optimal clustering number with the largest average silhouette coefficient by calculating the average silhouette coefficients of clustering at different -values. The clustering result with the optimal clustering number is then used for the environmental risk zoning, and the zoning result is mapped using the geographic information system. The study area is divided into five sub-areas. The common environmental risk characteristics within the same sub-area, as well as the differences between sub-areas, are presented. The zoning is helpful in risk management and is convenient for decision makers to distribute limited resources to different sub-areas in the design of risk reducing intervention.

关键词： environmental risk zoning k-means clustering silhouette coefficient chemical industrial park risk management

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唐家山堰塞湖应急处置与减灾管理工程

刘宁

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第12期页码 67-72

摘要：

简要介绍了唐家山堰塞湖应急处置的有关情况，归纳了堰塞湖处置的一般性认识，从减灾风险管理及其风险决策出发，探讨了减灾管理工程的内涵和应用，分析了唐家山堰塞湖处置成功对丰富和发展减灾管理理论和实践所具有的重要意义，并针对减灾管理得出了几点结论。

关键词：唐家山堰塞湖风险管理风险决策

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舟曲白龙江堰塞排险与应急疏通减灾工程管理认知

刘宁

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第1期页码 25-30

摘要：

介绍了舟曲白龙江堰塞排险与应急疏通工程的基本情况，叙述了方案编制和完善以及实施组织过程中的关键环节和实际考虑等，从目标决策及系统性、动态性等方面阐明了减灾工程管理在应对自然灾害、抢险救援中的重要意义和作用，对进一步提高科学减灾能力进行了探讨。

关键词：舟曲泥石流堰塞湖排险应急疏通减灾工程管理

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超特长隧洞TBM 集群施工风险管控技术 Article

邓铭江

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第1期页码 112-122 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.07.001

摘要：

北疆供水二期工程，总长540 km。其中，隧洞总长516 km，加上49 条各种缓斜井和竖井，隧洞掘进总进尺569 km。特别是喀—双隧洞单洞长283 km，是目前世界最长的输水隧洞。主洞划分了18 台隧洞掘进机（TBM）掘进段和34 个钻爆法施工段，施工掌子面多达91 个。该工程不仅对建设管理、风险防控、安全高效施工提出前所未有的挑战，同时也对TBM 及其配套设备的设计、制造、运维提出了更高的要求。有必要根据工程特点和不良地质条件，分析工程建设面临的重大难题和关键技术，系统查找风险源、合理划分风险等级、明确责任主体、建立分级管控机制。本文提出了应用超前地质预报技术、岩机信息感知和融合的智能掘进技术、监测预警及现代信息技术，用以科学指导风险管控，提高安全掘进效率的技术思路。

关键词：超特长隧洞地质灾害 TBM 集群施工质量安全风险防控